feat: turn on graph capture for MUSA

supports_cuda_graph was False for MUSA, so every run there was pinned to
timer=direct. That was correct when it was written -- the capture path named
torch.cuda and could not have worked -- but it is not correct now, and the two
timers are not interchangeable: direct timing walks the full Python launch path
per iteration, so on small kernels it measures mostly launch overhead. Measured
on an S5000, capture against direct: batch_norm 16x16x8x48 0.0758ms -> 0.0089ms,
tanh and gelu at 4096x4096 about 3.3x, GEMMs unchanged at 1.00x. Leaving it off
discards that on every operator that can capture, and it also puts MUSA on a
different caliber from the CUDA numbers the harness is meant to compare against.

torch_musa supplies Stream, Event, synchronize, graph and MUSAGraph, so capture
works through the device interface. Verified on an S5000 over five operators,
one per path:

  tanh      captured, no marker
  dropout   15/15 rows fall back: MUSAGeneratorImpl::current_seed is not
            callable during capture
  rand      same
  perf_sort 25/25 rows fall back: operation not permitted when stream is
            capturing
  unique2   denied up front; rc=0 with 10 rows

MUSA gets its own error wording; none of the CUDA markers match it. "MUSA
error: unknown error" during capture is classified as poisoning rather than
recoverable, because the fallback runs and the process then dies in teardown:
before the deny entry was keyed correctly, unique2 reproduced exactly that,
ending at rc=1 with no rows, but now under an explicit BENCHMARK_CAPTURE_POISONED
marker instead of a bare ExceptionGroup.

capture_deny_ops is keyed by FLAGGEMS_PERF_CURRENT_OP, which holds the pytest
FUNCTION name minus `test_` -- unique2, perf_sort -- not the benchmark file
name. Getting that wrong fails open silently, which is how the first attempt
still hit rc=1 with the entry written as "unique"; a test now pins the key
space. The plugin-plan test is renamed because its assertion that
_cudagraph_plugin is absent from the plan holds on CUDA too and says nothing
about capture support.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

backends/musa.py

@@ -8,9 +8,40 @@ class MusaBackend(DeviceBackend):
     visibility_env_keys = ("MUSA_VISIBLE_DEVICES",)
     torch_namespace = "musa"
     flaggems_vendor = "musa"
-    supports_cuda_graph = False
+    # torch_musa supplies Stream, Event, synchronize, graph and MUSAGraph, so
+    # capture works once the timing path takes them from Triton's device
+    # interface instead of torch.cuda. Measured on an S5000 over 15 operators:
+    # 11 captured, 3 fell back cleanly with a marker (dropout/rand on the RNG
+    # seed, sort on a capture-illegal stream op), 1 poisoned the context (see
+    # capture_deny_ops). Capture is worth having because it removes launch
+    # overhead the direct timer cannot: batch_norm 16x16x8x48 went 0.0758ms ->
+    # 0.0089ms, tanh/gelu 4096x4096 about 3.3x, while GEMMs stayed at 1.00x.
+    supports_cuda_graph = True
     supports_mm_cluster_fix = False
     supports_triton_hooks = True
+    # MUSA reports its own wording; none of the CUDA markers match it.
+    fatal_error_markers = (
+        "musa error: an illegal memory access",
+        "out of memory",
+        "device-side assert triggered",
+        "misaligned address",
+        "uncorrectable ecc",
+    )
+    # "unknown error" during capture is not recoverable on this runtime: the
+    # fallback runs, and the process then dies in teardown with zero rows. Treat
+    # it as poisoning so the operator is reported as capture-incompatible rather
+    # than silently losing its measurement.
+    poisoning_error_markers = ("musa error: unknown error",)
+    # Keyed by FLAGGEMS_PERF_CURRENT_OP, which is the pytest FUNCTION name minus
+    # `test_` -- `unique2`, `perf_sort` -- not the benchmark file name. Getting
+    # that wrong is silent: the entry simply never matches.
+    #
+    # Observed on an S5000: capturing test_unique2 takes two recoverable
+    # fallbacks and then raises "MUSA error: unknown error", ending the run at
+    # rc=1 with no measured rows. Skipping the attempt costs that operator's
+    # timing precision instead of its measurement. Revisit if a newer torch_musa
+    # changes the behaviour.
+    capture_deny_ops = ("unique2",)
     # Device count comes from torch.musa or MUSA_VISIBLE_DEVICES. Do not guess
     # a vendor CLI here; confirm the real listing tool before adding it.
     list_command = None

test_backends.py

@@ -173,7 +173,9 @@ class PluginPlanTests(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertNotIn("_cudagraph_plugin", names)
         self.assertNotIn("_mm_cluster_fix_plugin", names)
 
-    def test_musa_same_core_without_graph_or_cluster(self):
+    def test_musa_same_core_without_cluster_fix(self):
+        # _cudagraph_plugin is absent from the plan on every backend: the timing
+        # plugin loads it, so its absence here says nothing about capture support.
         names = self._plan("musa")
         self.assertIn("_timing_plugin", names)
         self.assertNotIn("_cudagraph_plugin", names)
@@ -209,11 +211,17 @@ class PluginPlanTests(unittest.TestCase):
 class CaptureClassificationTests(unittest.TestCase):
     """Graph-capture failures split three ways; the wording is vendor text."""
 
+    def test_cuda_and_musa_both_capture(self):
+        self.assertTrue(get_backend("cuda").supports_cuda_graph)
+        # torch_musa supplies Stream/Event/graph/MUSAGraph; measured on S5000.
+        self.assertTrue(get_backend("musa").supports_cuda_graph)
+
     def test_recoverable_is_the_default(self):
         # A kernel refusing capture is ordinary and must reach the fallback.
-        v = get_backend("cuda").classify_capture_error(
+        for name in ("cuda", "musa"):
-            RuntimeError("operation not permitted when stream is capturing"))
+            v = get_backend(name).classify_capture_error(
-        self.assertEqual(v, "recoverable")
+                RuntimeError("operation not permitted when stream is capturing"))
+            self.assertEqual(v, "recoverable", name)
 
     def test_cuda_fatal_markers(self):
         b = get_backend("cuda")
@@ -231,9 +239,33 @@ class CaptureClassificationTests(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(get_backend("cuda").classify_capture_error(exc),
                          "recoverable")
 
-    def test_deny_list_defaults_to_empty(self):
+    def test_musa_unknown_error_is_poisoning_not_recoverable(self):
-        self.assertFalse(get_backend("cuda").denies_capture("anything"))
+        b = get_backend("musa")
-        self.assertFalse(get_backend("cuda").denies_capture(""))
+        exc = RuntimeError("MUSA error: unknown error")
+        self.assertEqual(b.classify_capture_error(exc), "poisoned")
+        # The same text carries no meaning for CUDA, so it must not leak across.
+        self.assertEqual(get_backend("cuda").classify_capture_error(exc),
+                         "recoverable")
+
+    def test_musa_rng_seed_failure_stays_recoverable(self):
+        exc = RuntimeError("Cannot call MUSAGeneratorImpl::current_seed during "
+                           "MUSA graph capture")
+        self.assertEqual(get_backend("musa").classify_capture_error(exc),
+                         "recoverable")
+
+    def test_deny_list_is_per_backend(self):
+        self.assertTrue(get_backend("musa").denies_capture("unique2"))
+        self.assertFalse(get_backend("musa").denies_capture("softmax"))
+        self.assertFalse(get_backend("cuda").denies_capture("unique2"))
+        self.assertFalse(get_backend("musa").denies_capture(""))
+
+    def test_deny_list_is_keyed_by_pytest_function_name(self):
+        # FLAGGEMS_PERF_CURRENT_OP holds the pytest function name minus `test_`,
+        # so a deny entry written as the benchmark FILE name never matches and
+        # fails open. Observed once: "unique" listed, op=unique2 at runtime.
+        musa = get_backend("musa")
+        self.assertTrue(musa.denies_capture("unique2"))
+        self.assertFalse(musa.denies_capture("unique"))
 
 
 class DeviceArgTests(unittest.TestCase):